BREAKING NEWS: MPD Detective calls upon Lieutenant Colonel Rosner of the Hawai‘i Army National Guard to comply with the Law of Occupation

NEWS RELEASE

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE July 7, 2025

HONOLULU, Hawaiian Kingdom—Press release from the office of Edward Halealoha Ayau. On July 7, 2025, Ayau, on behalf of his client Maui Police Detective Kamuela Lanakila Mawae, sent a letter to Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) Michael Rosner of the Hawai‘i Army National Guard explaining the circumstances of his client’s concern that he may be criminally culpable for war crimes.

To download Ayau’s letter to LTC Rosner go to this link.

In the letter Ayau stated, “On June 3, 2025, I personally went to Attorney General Anne Lopez’s office in Honolulu to deliver a letter, on behalf of my client, explaining the circumstances of my client’s concern that he may be criminally culpable for war crimes by enforcing American laws in the County of Maui, which I am attaching.” He requested for the Attorney General “to make public a legal opinion that was formally requested by Senator Cross Makani Crabbe by letter dated September 19, 2024, pursuant HRS §28-3,” by June 11, 2025.

Ayau stated, “June 11th has passed, and the Attorney General has yet to make public that legal opinion providing rebuttable evidence that the Hawaiian Kingdom does not exist and that war crimes are not being committed. For you and all officials and employees of the State of Hawai‘i and the Counties, the significance of her failure to provide a legal opinion is an acknowledgment that Hawai‘i is an occupied State and not the State of Hawai‘i, and that war crimes are being committed. The Attorney General is the highest-ranking law officer of the State of Hawai‘i and her failure to provide a legal opinion that the State of Hawai‘i is within the territory of the United States and not within the territory of the Hawaiian Kingdom is a dereliction of her duty she owes to all officials and employees of the State of Hawai‘i and the Counties.”

Ayau goes on to state, “This is very concerning for my client because he is not only a law enforcement officer and employee of the County of Maui, but he is also the Vice-Chair of the Maui Chapter of the State of Hawai‘i Organization of Police Officers Union (SHOPO). Also affected by the dereliction of the Attorney General are SHOPO’s collective bargaining agreements. Because collective bargaining agreements are governed by Federal and State of Hawai‘i statutes, administrative agency regulations, and American judicial decisions, which all constitutes the war crime of usurpation of sovereignty, the silence by the Attorney General is a recognition that our collective agreements are void because they are a product of war crimes.”

Ayau apprised LTC Rosner of the work of the Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) that was established in 2019 to investigate war crimes in the occupied Hawaiian Kingdom. Ayau stated, “The Royal Commission of Inquiry has already published 26 War Criminal Reports since 2002 of State of Hawai‘i officials. Of significance, these officials include Governors David Ige and Josh Green, Mayors Derek Kawakami, Mitchell Roth, and Michael Victorino, and Supreme Court Justices Mark Recktenwald, Paula Nakayama, Sabrina McKenna, Richard Pollack, Michael Wilson and Todd Eddins. The Attorney General is also the subject of a war criminal report.”

Ayau also cited a very favorable book review, by Professor Anita Budziszewska from the University of Warsaw, of the Commission’s 2020 eBook “The Royal Commission of Inquiry: Investigating War Crimes and Human Rights Violations Committed in the Hawaiian Kingdom” that was published in the Polish Journal of Political Science in 2022. He stated, “It would clearly appear that the authority of the Royal Commission of Inquiry, established by the Council of Regency in 2019 with its mandate to investigate war crimes and human rights violations, is a legitimate commission of inquiry and whose reports, that have been published on its website, would serve as the evidential basis for prosecution of war criminals.” Ayau then states, “The Attorney General is up against a wall of law and evidence that renders the State of Hawai‘i and its Counties, established by American law, as unlawful and the product of the war crime of usurpation of sovereignty during military occupation.”

Ayau then cites Dr. Keanu Sai, who is head of the RCI, that sent LTC Rosner a letter explaining the circumstances that led to his military duty to transform the State of Hawai‘i into a Military Government. Dr. Sai wrote, “It is now over a year since the Hawai‘i Army National Guard’s leadership became aware that the war crime of usurpation of sovereignty during military occupation is being committed and that its their duty to put a stop to it by establishing a military government in accordance with U.S. Department of Defense Directive 5100.1, U.S. Army Field Manual 6-27—chapter 6, and the law of occupation. Major General Kenneth Hara’s willful failure to obey Army regulations, and resulting his dereliction of duty, has led to war criminal reports for the war crime by omission on himself, Brigadier General Stephen Logan, Colonel Wesley Kawakami, Lieutenant Colonel Fredrick Werner, Bingham Tuisamatatele, Jr., Lieutenant Colonel Joshua Jacobs, and Lieutenant Colonel Dale Balsis. As a result, you are, now, the most senior officer in the Army National Guard.”

Ayau refers to the Council of Regency’s 2023 Operational Plan for Transitioning the State of Hawai‘i into a Military Government that would guide LTC Rosner in his performance of his military duty. On the Military Government of Hawai‘i, Ayau states, “It is my understanding of the Operational Plan that by transforming the State of Hawai‘i into a Military Government, you, as the American Theater Commander, will be replacing Governor Josh Green with yourself as Military Governor just as General Douglas MacArthur replaced the head of the Japanese civilian government as Military Governor of the Occupied State of Japan in 1945. Like Japan, all officials and employees would continue to exist except for the State of Hawai‘i Legislature and the County Councils, which have been enacting American laws in violation of the law of occupation.”

“When you perform your duty,” Ayau states, “law enforcement officers, especially those of Hawaiian ancestry, would greatly benefit from their rights under Hawaiian Kingdom laws.” Ayau then refers to Dr. Sai’s statement of some of those benefits.”

Section 67. The following persons shall be exempt from all internal taxes: His Majesty the King; the Diplomatic Agents of Foreign Countries and their Attaches duly made know to the Department of Foreign Affairs. The following persons shall be exempt from personal taxes: All clergymen of any Christian denomination regularly engaged in their vocation; all teachers of youth employed in public or private schools for more than six months of the year; all soldiers in actual service and all volunteer soldiers duly enrolled and actually doing duty. Act to Consolidate and Amend the Law Relating to Internal Taxes (1883); 1884 Compiled Laws, p. 131.

4. That a certain portion of the government lands in each island shall be set apart, and placed in the hands of special agents, to be disposed of in lots of from one to fifty acres, in fee-simple, to such natives as may not be otherwise furnished with sufficient land, at a minimum price of fifty cents per acre. An Act Confirming Certain Resolutions of the King and Privy Council, passed on the 21st day of December, A.D. 1849, Granting to the Common People Allodial Titles for Their Own Lands and House Lots, and Certain Other Privileges (1850), also known as the Kuleana Act. According to the inflation calculator, $.50 in 1893 is equivalent in purchasing power to $17.77 in 2025.

Queen’s Hospital was established “for relief of indigent, sick, and disabled people of the Hawaiian Kingdom; as well as of such foreigners, and others, as may desire to avail themselves of the same.” Charter of Queen’s Hospital (1859) established by virtue of An Act to Provide Hospitals for the Relief of Hawaiians in the City of Honolulu and other Localities (1859).

“The Queen’s Hospital is, from the nature of its character, a quasi-public institution. When it was chartered it was provided that all Hawaiians, of native birth, should be treated free of charge. Foreigners were to be treated by payment of fees.” George W. Smith, a Trustee of the Queen’s Hospital wrote in an editorial, Honolulu Advertiser (1900a:2).

The 1886 budget provided $12,000 for the Queen’s Hospital. According to the Charter, the Queen’s Hospital would match those funds. According to the inflation calculator, $12,000.00 in 1886 is equivalent in purchasing power to $408,254.04 in 2025. Queen’s Hospital’s annual budget in 1886 was $816,508.08.

There is no right to bear arms in the Hawaiian Kingdom, which has similar gun laws like Japan. “2. The following persons are hereby declared to be authorized to bear arms, viz: All persons holding official, military or naval rank, either under this government, or that of any nation at peace with this kingdom, when worn for legitimate purposes. Penal Code, Chapter LIV—To Prevent the Carrying of Deadly Weapons (1869). Hawaiian law also provides for yearly licensing of firearms for hunting. Assault weapons are not hunting weapons.

Free trade with foreign countries not impeded by the American Jones Act, formally known as the Merchant Marine Act of 1920. Under the Jones Act, foreign goods and products destined for Hawai‘i had to offload from foreign ships at designated American ports on the west coast, and then reloaded on ships destined for Hawai‘i. Under free trade, as the Hawaiian Kingdom had before American invasion and occupation, Hawaiian ports would be open for foreign goods and products to be off loaded directly and then continue to ports of the United States.

According to customary international law, the Hawaiian Kingdom not only has treaties with Austria, Belgium, Bremen, Denmark, France, Germany, Hamburg, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States, but also with their successor States. Of the 193 Member States of the United Nations, the Hawaiian Kingdom has treaties with 154 of its Member States.

The Hawaiian Kingdom is also a recognized neutral State like Switzerland. As a neutral State, international laws protects its territorial integrity and independence. The territory of states whose neutrality is permanent is inviolable and gives rise to its neutral rights that its territory cannot be violated by belligerents. This neutral right proscribes belligerents from moving their troops across neutral territory or using neutral territory for belligerent purposes. These prohibitions have been codified under articles 2 through 4 of the 1907 Hague Convention V.

Under the provisional laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom taxes for the State of Hawai‘i and the Counties would continue so that government service can be maintained. Tax collection by the Internal Revenue Service, however, would cease to be collected in Hawai‘i because these taxes are for American government services.

“The Attorney General’s dereliction of her duty to protect all officials and employees of the State of Hawai‘i and the Counties, to include my client,” Ayau states, “has now compelled him to not only continue to perform his duties as a police officer under the laws of 1893 and the provisional laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom, but to also call for the lawful transformation of the State of Hawai‘i into a Military Government according to the Council of Regency’s Operational Plan. It is your military duty, as the most senior commander in the Hawai‘i Army National Guard, to immediately transform the State of Hawai‘i into a Military Government in accordance with international humanitarian law, the law of occupation, U.S. Department of Defense Directive 5100.01, and Army regulations, so that the war crime of usurpation of sovereignty during military occupation would cease and that Hawaiian Kingdom laws, together with the provisional laws, will be administered.”

Ayau closes his letter by citing a Hawaiian Kingdom Supreme Court case in 1847, Shillaber v. Waldo, on the court’s view of the rule of law and its tie to the Hawaiian Kingdom’s coat of arms. The Supreme Court stated, “For I trust that the maxim of this Court ever has been, and ever will be, that which is so beautifully expressed in the Hawaiian coat of arms, namely, ‘The life of the land is preserved by righteousness.’ We know of no other rule to guide us in the decision of questions of this kind, than the supreme law of the land, and to this we bow with reverence and veneration, even though the stroke fall on our own head. In the language of another, ‘Let justice be done though the heavens fall.’ Let the laws be obeyed, though it ruin every judicial and executive officer in the Kingdom. Courts may err. Clerks may err. Marshals may err—they do err in every land daily; but when they err let them correct their errors without consulting pride, expediency, or any other consequence.”

In his email to LTC Rosner, Ayau wrote, “I strongly yet respectfully urge a careful read and discussions with Lt Col Lloyd Phelps, the Staff Judge Advocate of the U.S. Army National Guard in Hawai‘i.”

Contact: Edward Halealoha Ayau, Esq.
Attorney for Maui Detective Kamuela Lanakila Mawae
(808) 646-9015
halealohahapai64@gmail.com

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BREAKING NEWS: Hawai‘i Attorney General Acknowledges Hawai‘i is Occupied and that War Crimes are being Committed

NEWS RELEASE

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE June 12, 2025

HONOLULU, Hawaiian Kingdom—Press release from the office of Edward Halealoha Ayau. On June 3, 2025, attorney Edward Halealoha Ayau, on behalf of his client Maui Police Detective Kamuela Lanakila Mawae, hand delivered a 10-page letter to State of Hawai‘i Attorney General Anne Lopez. That letter addresses legal concerns regarding the status of Hawai‘i as an occupied State and potential war crimes being committed by law enforcement officers.

To download Ayau’s letter to the Attorney General go to this link.

In the letter, Ayau stated, “on behalf of my client, I am respectfully submitting to you a deadline by June 11, 2025, for you to make public the legal opinion, as formally requested by former Senator Crabbe, that clearly states, by citing sources of international law, i.e. treaties, custom, general principles of law, and judicial decisions and scholarly writings, that the State of Hawai‘i is within the territory of the United States and not within the territory of the Kingdom.” He also stated that if “you do not make public your legal opinion by this day, my client will be forced to comply with the law of occupation.”

As of today, Lopez did not make public a legal opinion as requested by former Senator Crabbe. According to Ayau, “the significance of Lopez’s failure to provide a legal opinion that was formally requested back in September of 2024 is an acknowledgment that Hawai‘i is an occupied State and not the State of Hawai‘i, and that war crimes are being committed.”

In his letter to Lopez, Ayau referenced Judge James Crawford of the International Court of Justice who stated, there “is a presumption that the State continues to exist, with its rights and obligations…despite a period in which there is no, or no effective, government,” and he goes on to state that military occupation “does not affect the continuity of the State, even where there exists no government claiming to represent the occupied State.”

Ayau also referenced Professor Matthew Craven, an international law scholar from the University of London (SOAS) that wrote a legal opinion on the Hawaiian Kingdom’s continued existence as a State under international law. Craven wrote, “If one were to speak about a presumption of continuity, one would suppose that an obligation would lie upon the party opposing that continuity to establish the facts substantiating its rebuttal. The continuity of the Hawaiian Kingdom, in other words, may be refuted only by reference to a valid demonstration of legal title, or sovereignty, on the part of the United States, absent of which the presumption remains.” 

Ayau also referenced renowned expert and scholar, Professor William Schabas from Middlesex University London, who authored a legal opinion for the Royal Commission of Inquiry identifying war crimes being committed since January 17, 1893. One of those war crimes is the unlawful imposition of American laws and administrative measures within the territory of an occupied State, which is called the war crime of usurpation of sovereignty during military occupation.

Ayau stated in his letter, “If you do not make public your legal opinion by this day, my client will be forced to comply with the law of occupation where the Maui Police Department will continue to exist under the provisional laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom that was proclaimed by the Council of Regency in 2014 because it does “not run contrary to the express, reason and spirit of the laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom,” which is explained on page 222 of the Council of Regency’s operational plan to transition the State of Hawai‘i into a Military Government, which I am attaching.”

Ayau further stated, “My client while continuing to perform his duties as a police officer, will call for the lawful transformation of the State of Hawai‘i into a Military Government according to the Council of Regency’s operational plan. It is the legal duty of Lieutenant Colonel Michael Rosner, who is the most senior commander in the Hawai‘i Army National Guard, to immediately transform the State of Hawai‘i into a Military Government in accordance with international humanitarian law, the law of occupation, U.S. Department of Defense Directive 5100.01, and Army regulations, so that the war crime of usurpation of sovereignty during military occupation would cease and that Hawaiian Kingdom laws, together with the provisional laws, will be administered. Lieutenant Colonel Lloyd Phelps is the Army National Guard’s Staff Judge Advocate to advise LTC Rosner of his military duties as the theater commander of the Occupied State of the Hawaiian Kingdom.”

Ayau also stated in his letter that Native Hawaiians, irrespective of blood quantum, comprise the majority of the citizenry of the Hawaiian Kingdom. He stated that as aboriginal Hawaiian subjects they have certain rights under Hawaiian Kingdom law.

Under Hawaiian Kingdom laws, aboriginal Hawaiian subjects are the recipients of free health care at Queen’s Hospital and its outlets across the islands. In its budget, the Hawaiian Legislative  Assembly would allocate money to the Queen’s Hospital for the healthcare of aboriginal Hawaiian subjects. The United States stopped allocating monies from its Territory of Hawai‘i Legislature in 1909. Aboriginal Hawaiian subjects are also able to acquire up to 50-acres of public lands at $20.00 per acre under the 1850 Kuleana Act.

The greatest dilemma for aboriginal Hawaiians today is having a home and health care. The average cost of a home today is $820,000.00. And health care insurance for a family of 4 is at $1,500 a month. According to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs’ Native Hawaiian Health Fact Sheet 2017, “Today, Native Hawaiians are perhaps the single racial group with the highest health risk in the State of Hawai‘i. This risk stems from high economic and cultural stress, lifestyle and risk behaviors, and late or lack of access to health care.”

Ayau says, “The denial of Native Hawaiian rights under kingdom law for over a century can no longer be tolerated, and compliance with international law and the law of occupation will correct this international crime.”

Contact: Edward Halealoha Ayau, Esq.
Attorney for Maui Detective
Kamuela Lanakila Mawae
(808) 646-9015
halealohahapai64@gmail.com

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VIDEOS of the Kamehameha Schools Presentation “Hawai‘i’s Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire: A Conversation with Dr. David Keanu Sai”

Below is the video of Dr. Keanu Sai’s presentation on his recent chapter “Hawai‘iʻs Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire” published by Englandʻs Oxford University Pressʻ Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age in December of 2024.

Below is the video of questions and answers of Dr. Keanu Sai following his presentation.

Kamehameha Schools Presents “Hawai‘i’s Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire: A Conversation with Dr. David Keanu Sai”

Dr. Keanu Sai, a graduate of the Kamehameha Schools Kapālama campus in 1982 has been invited by Kamehameha Schools Ka‘iwakīloumoku Pacific Indigenous Institute, in partnership with Kanaeokāna, for a presentation on March 5, 2025, with questions and answers to follow about his recent chapter “Hawai‘iʻs Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire” published by Englandʻs Oxford University Pressʻ Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age in December of 2024. No registration is required for this free public in-person event and light refreshments to follow.

The public is encouraged to attend because Dr. Saiʻs presentation will get into the operational plan for transitioning the State of Hawai‘i into a military government of Hawai‘i and the impact it will have on the population of Hawai‘i, e.g. health care, land, taxes, cost of living. The session will be recorded and uploaded on Kanaeokana’s website.

The session will be recorded and uploaded on Kanaeokana’s YouTube channel.

Book Launch Tomorrow at the University of Hawai‘i of Oxford University Press’ publication of “Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age” with a Chapter on the American Occupation of Hawai‘i

Tomorrow will be the official book launch of Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age published by England’s Oxford University Press in December of 2024. Dr. Keanu Sai is a contributor of a chapter in the book titled “Hawai‘i’s Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire.” In his chapter Dr. Sai

In his chapter, Dr. Sai covers: the legal and political history of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the evolution of governance as a constitutional monarchy, the unlawful overthrow of the government by United States troops in 1893, the prolonged American occupation since 1893, the restoration of the government of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1997 by a Council of Regency, and the recognition of the continued existence of the Hawaiian Kingdom, as a State, and the Council of Regency, as its provisional government, by the Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague, Netherlands, in the 1999-2001 international arbitration case Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom. He concludes his chapter with:

Despite over a century of revisionist history, “the continuity of the Hawaiian Kingdom as a sovereign State is grounded in the very same principles that the United States and every other State have relied on for their own legal existence.” The Hawaiian Kingdom is a magnificent story of perseverance and continuity.

THE EVENT WILL BE LIVE STREAMED ON FACEBOOK STARTING AT 3:30pm HI TIME

KITV Island Life Live—Dr. Keanu Sai talks about his recent publication by Oxford University Press on the American occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom

On KITV Island Life Live yesterday, Dr. Keanu Sai talks about his recent chapter titled “Hawai‘i’s Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire” in a book Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age. The book was published by Oxford University Press in December of 2024. Be sure to download Dr. Sai’s chapter by clicking the link above.

KITV Island Life Live—Dr. Keanu Sai Explains the American Invasion and Illegal Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government on January 17, 1893

On KITV Island Life Live yesterday, Dr. Keanu Sai explains the American invasion of the Hawaiian Kingdom and its unlawful overthrow of the government on January 17, 1893. This began a prolonged occupation that is now at 132 years.

Pascal’s Substack—The Kingdom of Hawaii: Year 132 under U.S. Occupation

On January 4, 2025, Pascal Lottaz, a Professor for Neutrality Studies at the Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, (Waseda University), in Tokyo, posted a review of Dr. Keanu Sai’s chapter on Hawai‘i’s Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire in Professor H.E. Chehabi and Professor David Motadel’s book Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age published by Oxford University Press.

ITS OFFICIAL: England’s Oxford University Press publication of “Unconquered States” makes the American Occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom the Longest in Modern History

Oxford University Press (OUP) has made it official that the American occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom is the longest occupation in modern history that began in 1893. It was previously thought that the longest occupation in modern history was the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem that began in 1967.

The significance of OUP’s publication of Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age, with a chapter written by Dr. Keanu Sai titled “Hawai‘i’s Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire” is that Hawai‘i was never the 50th State of the American Union but rather an occupied State under international law with its rights and obligations intact despite the prolonged nature of the occupation. What was defeated or overthrown, albeit illegally, was the government of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893, and not the Hawaiian Kingdom as a State, which is also referred to as the country.

Dr. Sai’s chapter reconnects the Hawaiian Kingdom to Great Britain, not the United States, when it became a British Protectorate in 1794 under the reign of King Kamehameha I. In 1843, Great Britain recognized the Hawaiian Kingdom as a sovereign and independent State, which ushered in the Hawaiian Kingdom into the Family of Nations. Dr. Sai then explains the connection to the United States by an invasion of U.S. Marines on January 16, 1893, which led to the unlawful overthrow of the Hawaiian government and its unlawful seizure of the Hawaiian Islands during the Spanish-American War in 1898. To be conquered is for the Hawaiian Kingdom to have transferred its sovereignty and territory to the United States by a treaty of cession.

There is no such treaty that exists except for the unlawful imposition of American laws, which is the war crime of usurpation of sovereignty during military occupation. Dr. Sai explains under international law why the Hawaiian Kingdom continues to exist as an occupied State under international law, which the Permanent Court of Arbitration acknowledged in 1999, in Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom. The PCA not only acknowledged the Hawaiian Kingdom’s continuity as a State, but also recognized the Council of Regency as its provisional government during the occupation.

Dr. Sai was one of 23 academic scholars from around the world that was invited to write a chapter on a non-European State that was not conquered under international law. If Dr. Sai’s chapter had no historical or legal basis, OUP would not have allowed the chapter to be published. This is a cornerstone of academic research where a scholar does not argue a position in their research, but rather provides historical and legal evidence that cannot be refuted. In this sense, the scholar is subject to a scientific approach where a scholar’s findings and conclusions are open for rebuttal by other scholars who serve as reviewers. This is called peer review in the academic world where opinions have no place. OUP states in the book, “Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.”

Only when the American occupation is recognized worldwide can the occupation come to an end by a treaty of peace. OUP is added leverage to bring compliance to the law of occupation or the criminal culpability that ensues if the State of Hawai‘i is not transformed into a Military Government to administer the laws of the occupied Hawaiian Kingdom.

Neutrality Studies Podcast: EX-Army Officer WAGES LAWFARE To End Illegal Occupation of Hawaii | Dr. Keanu Sai

Dr. Keanu Sai was invited to do a podcast interview by Professor Pascal Lottaz on the subject of the American occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom, a Neutral State. Professor Lottaz is an Assistant Professor for Neutrality Studies at the Waseda Institute for Advanced Study in Tokyo. He is a also a researcher at Neutrality Studies, where its YouTube channel, which airs their podcasts, has 153,000 subscribers worldwide.

Oxford University Press will make it Official—Hawai‘i is the Longest Occupation in Modern History

With Oxford University Press (OUP) upcoming release, on December 30, 2024, of Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age with a chapter by Dr. Keanu Sai on the Hawaiian Kingdom and its continued existence as a State despite having been under a prolonged American occupation since 1893, it will make it official that Hawai‘i is the longest occupation in modern history. Previously, it was thought that the longest occupation was Israel’s occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem that began in 1967.

The reach of OUP is worldwide. In all its publications it states “Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford, Auckland, Cape Town, Dar es Salaam, Hong Kong, Karachi, Kuala Lumpur, Madrid, Melbourne, Mexico City, Nairobi, New Delhi, Shanghai, Taipei, and Toronto. With offices in Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, and Vietnam.”

Dr. Sai’s chapter has effectively pierced the false narrative that has plagued Hawai‘i’s population and the world that Hawai‘i is an American state, rather than an occupied State. The Hawaiian Kingdom’s continued existence as an occupied State is not a legal argument but rather a legal fact with consequences under international law. Dr. Sai concludes his chapter with:

Despite over a century of revisionist history, “the continuity of the Hawaiian Kingdom as a sovereign State is grounded in the very same principles that the United States and every other State have relied on for their own legal existence.”  The Hawaiian Kingdom is a magnificent story of perseverance and continuity.

With the world knowing about the American occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom it will assist in facilitating compliance by the Hawai‘i Army National Guard with the law of occupation so that the American occupation will eventually come to an end by a treaty of peace.

Oxford University Press to release “Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age” with a chapter on the Hawaiian Kingdom

On December 30, 2024, Oxford University Press will be releasing a book titled Unconquered States: Non-European Powers in the Imperial Age. The editors of the book, Professor H. E. Chehabi from Boston University and Professor David Motadel from the London School of Economics and Political Science, invited 23 scholars from around the world to contribute their scholarship. Dr. Keanu Sai is the author of chapter 21—Hawai‘i’s Sovereignty and Survival in the Age of Empire.

Here are the reviews:

“This is an ingenious collection, a book on international history in the 19th and 20th centuries that really does, for once, “fill a gap.” By countering our simple assumption that the West’s imperial and colonial drives swallowed up all of Africa and Asia in the post-1850 period, Chehabi and Motadel’s fine collection of case-studies of nations that managed to stay free—from Abyssinia to Siam, Japan to Persia—gives us a more rounded and complex view of the international Great-Power scene in those decades. This is really fine revisionist history.”—Paul Kennedy, Yale University

“This is an excellent collection of scholars writing on an important set of states, which deserve to be considered together.”—Kenneth Pomeranz, University of Chicago

“Carefully curated and with an excellent introduction that provides an analytical frame, this book offers a global history of “unconquered” countries in the imperial age that is original in its perspective and composition.”—Sebastian Conrad, Free University of Berlin

“The book offers an insightful comparative analysis of political forms and relationships in non-European countries from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. The “non-conquered states” of Asia and Africa are show as sometimes resisting and but often accommodating in innovative ways European political forms and military and diplomatic techniques. The particular appeal of the essays lies in their effort to bring to the surface and critically assess the indigenous histories and struggles that enabled these political formations, each in their own way, to respond to the challenges of modernization. This is global history at its kaleidoscopic best.”—Martti Koskenniemi, University of Helsinki

Oxford University Press is the gold standard for academic publishing in the world and to have the untold story of the Hawaiian Kingdom and its continued existence under an American occupation is a monumental feat for the Council of Regency’s strategic plan under Phase II—exposure of Hawaiian Statehood. Dr. Sai is not only a Hawaiian scholar and political scientist, but he is also Chairman of the acting Council of Regency.

When the government of the Hawaiian Kingdom was restored in 1997, as an acting Council of Regency under Hawaiian constitutional law and the legal doctrine of necessity, it approached the prolonged American occupation with a strategic plan that entailed three phases:

Phase I: Verification of the Hawaiian Kingdom as an Independent State and subject of international law where a reputable international body must verify the continued existence of the Hawaiian Kingdom as a State.

Phase II: Exposure of Hawaiian Statehood within the framework of international law and the law of occupation as it affects the realm of politics and economics at both the international and domestic levels. Phase II will focus on individual accountability and compliance to the law of occupation.

Phase III: Restoration of the Hawaiian Kingdom as an independent State and a subject of international law, which is when the occupation will come to an end by a treaty of peace.

On November 8, 1999, international arbitration proceedings were initiated at the Permanent Court of Arbitration, in The Hague, Netherlands, in Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom, PCA Case no. 1999-01. At its website, the PCA described the dispute as:

Lance Paul Larsen, a resident of Hawaii, brought a claim against the Hawaiian Kingdom by its Council of Regency (“Hawaiian Kingdom”) on the grounds that the Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom is in continual violation of: (a) its 1849 Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation with the United States of America, as well as the principles of international law laid down in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 and (b) the principles of international comity, for allowing the unlawful imposition of American municipal laws over the claimant’s person within the territorial jurisdiction of the Hawaiian Kingdom.

Before an arbitral tribunal could be established by the PCA, it had to determine that the dispute was international, which meant the Hawaiian Kingdom had to be an existing State under customary international law. Once the PCA recognized the continued existence of the Hawaiian Kingdom as a State and the Council of Regency as its government, it then had to determine whether the Hawaiian Kingdom was a Contracting State or Non-Contracting State to the 1907 Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (PCA Convention) that established the PCA.

The reasoning for this determination was that Contracting States, which includes the United States, did not pay for the use of the facilities because they contributed yearly dues to maintain the PCA. Non-Contracting States had to pay for the use of the facilities. The PCA recognized the Hawaiian Kingdom as a Non-Contracting State under Article 47 of the PCA Convention. The PCA established the arbitral tribunal on June 9, 2000. To understand this case you can go to pages 24-27 of the ebook Royal Commission of Inquiry: Investigating War Crimes and Human Rights Violations Committed in the Hawaiian Kingdom.

The PCA’s recognition of the continued existence of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1999 satisfied Phase I. Since then, Phase II was initiated and continued when Dr. Sai entered the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa in 2001 to acquire an M.A. degree and a Ph.D. degree in political science specializing in international relations and law. According to Dr. Sai:

The Council of Regency needed to institutionalize, and not politicize, the legal and political history of the Hawaiian Kingdom as a State under international law and its continued existence today. This would be done by academic research and publications that will normalize the fact of the American occupation. From this premise, we could move into compliance to the law of occupation where the occupation will eventually come to an end by a treaty of peace. This was the most viable approach to a revisionist history that has been perpetrated for over a century.